Essay on The Variations in Little Red Riding Hood

The Variations in Little Red Riding Hood Fairy tales are under attack in the United States from both right- and left-oriented pressure groups. (Ravitch, 62-96) From the left, the charges include sexism, stereotyping, distortion, and anti-humanism. (Ravitch, 84) From the right, the charges include immorality and objections to the portrayal of violence, death, and the supernatural. In addition, some critics claim that the tales terrify their children. (Ravitch, 76). In The Language Police, Diane Ravitch claims that both groups understand the importance of putting pressure on state textbook adoption committees, and that, as a result of such pressure, most major publishers are simply dropping the tales from the textbooks they sell to†¦show more content†¦Perrault did, however, append a short poem with a moral in it. The moral warns young women to beware the treacheries of men. The sources of Perraults version are a matter of dispute, but his intended audience is not in dispute. His tales were aimed at genteel French society, not children. It is ironic therefore, that Perraults tales, and especially Little Red, are now considered fairy tales for children. Perraults tale has been published both with and without the moralistic poem, but both versions are often considered inappropriate for children. Some people claim that the sudden ending -- with the eating of Red -- terrifies children. Others, of course, point to the inappropriateness of the poems lesson in virginity for four and five-year-olds. In the Grimms version, both Red and her grandmother are eaten by the wolf, but miraculously saved by a huntsman who, instead of shooting the wolf, cuts open its belly, apparently while the wolf is still alive, in order to release first Little Red, and then her grandmother. Red then fills the wolfs belly with stones, and as a result, justice is served and the wolf dies. The moral of the Grimms version also differs from that of Perrault. The Grimms emphasize obedience. Before she sets out, Red is given strict and fairly detailed instructions by her mother, not to stray from the path. The wolf tempts her from the path, she sins, and thus her being eaten by the wolf is often considered by critics as the punishment for herShow MoreRelatedShort Story : Little Red Riding Hood1364 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Little Red Riding Hood† is an extremely well known fairy tale that has been told across the globe in a multitude of versions. The story is often told with a young girl dressed in a hooded red coat, sent by her mother to deliver a basket of food to her sick grandmother. On the journey to her grandmother’s house, Little Red Riding Hood meets a wolf, whom she assumes to be good-natured. She tells him where she is headed and who she is planning on visiting. Although the little girl trusts the wolf,Read MoreLittle Red Riding Hood By Sam The Sham And The Pharaohs1244 Words   |  5 Pagesstory of Little Red Riding Hood also changes. Over the years innumerable variations have been created. Used by many, the story of Little Red Riding Hood has debuted in print, games, tv, painting, and song. Some adaptations fit into the category of a fairy tale while others branch out into other genres. The song â€Å"Lil’ Red Riding Hood† by Sam the Sham the Pharaohs exemplifies the story of Little Red Riding Hood. Although the song and story possess distinct differences, â€Å"Lil’ Red Riding Hood† is a fairyRead More Is Charles Perraultâ€⠄¢s Little Red Riding Hood Relevant to the Modern World?1470 Words   |  6 PagesIs Charles Perrault’s Little Red Riding Hood Relevant to the Modern World? A story commonly spread through word of mouth, Charles Perrault wrote an early rendition of Little Red Riding Hood in 1697. Between the late 17th century and today, there have been a few changes in societal norms, customs, and understandings of social values. To summarize, laws based on religion have given way to laws based on science†¦in turn, scientists have taken their newfound social power and discovered waysRead MoreFairy Tales Paper: A Retelling of Little Red Riding Hood941 Words   |  4 Pagesthat generally include a moral or pervading theme that is meant to aid the listener. One characteristic of oral stories are the variations that often occurred with each retelling as a result of errors in translation and interpretations, as well as changes driven by the storyteller’s desire to share a particular point of view with the listener. A modern twist on these variations is evident in children’s literature today. â€Å"The Sisters Grimm†, a popul ar series written by best-selling author Michael BuckleyRead MoreHow Traditional Literature Has Changed Over Time894 Words   |  4 Pagesreally been passed down over time. The stories we hear depends on many things, like if they have been changed over time or what culture the stories come from. Traditional literature is never usually told the same way two times, usually there is some variation within the stories. (Temple, Martinez, Yokota, 2015, p. 184). Traditional literature is not always flexible in its characteristics, and because of this â€Å"there is an increasing need for diverse perspective’s† (Alexander, Sanez, 2006, p. 22). TheRead MoreZipess View on Fairytales1975 Words   |  8 PagesIn this essay, I examine what Zipes means by institutionalised, define what makes a fairy tale and evaluate how different versions of Little Red Riding Hood reflect the social ideology of the period. Zipes is not using ‘institutionalised’ in the traditional, negative sense of being rigid and never evolving. He theorises that fairy tales have become part of the social psyche. They permeate into every aspect of the social unconscious to become meme, examples of which are ‘tunes, ideas and catchphrases’Read MoreGender Stereotypes in Little Red Cap and The Grandmother1052 Words   |  5 Pages The folk tale of â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood† has numerous variations and interpretations depending on what recorded version is being read or analyzed. â€Å"Little Red Cap,† by the Grimm Brothers, and â€Å"The Grandmother,† as collected by Achille Millien, are different in numerous ways: the depth of the narrative structure, characters involved, length – yet, the moral lesson is largely unchanged between the two versions. One of the more glaring differences between the two versions is the way that the narratorRead MoreFairytale Analysis: Aladdins Lamp and Little Red Riding Hood1133 Words   |  5 Pagesintentional. This shifting nature predicates the textual integrity of the tale, allowing it a pertinent and germane makeup, built upon its didactic nature. This significance is especially apparent in the appropriations of ‘Aladdin’s Lamp’ and ‘Little Red Riding Hood’. Aladdin’s Lamp, 1704, was included in Antoine Galland’s translation of Arabian Nights., however, it has a status as a disputed orphan tale, bearing its origins vaguely from an 1115 manuscript and a tale recited to Galland by a scholarRead MoreAnalysis Of Borgata Hotel Casino And Spa864 Words   |  4 PagesUpon a quick glance, the advertisement published in 2015 by Borgata Hotel Casino and Spa appears to be abundant in color, joyful and fairytale-like; at least when I first saw it a year ago. However, after reading about the different variations of objectification in advertisements I no longer see the ad as an innocent take on fairytales. Advertisements are meant to be geared to a public, or a specific public, in order to sell a product. Still, some ads showcase women as the product or at least a wayRead MoreFairytales are not what they seem. Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pagesof tales. How many of us can recount a version separate from the animated classics of our childh ood? It is truly hard to believe that sometimes there are much more racy versions of these same tales. Today, I ‘d like to share one such variation of Little Red Riding Hood called In the Company of Wolves, written by Angela Carter. I will recount ancient folklore of werewolves, introduce the sexually charged characters as I walk with you through the seemingly familiar yet much more raw path to grandmother’s

How Did Shakespeare Portray the Concept Free Essays

How did Shakespeare portray a concept of honour in Henry IV part 1? In this world, there exists, since the dawn of civilisation of mankind, a thing that we are fighting and dying for—that is honour. Shakespeare explores the theme of honour in Henry IV part 1 in a rather interesting way by having it presented in a different form varying from character to character. Henry IV wants to protect his honour by using any means available to vanquish the rebels, his sinful act to King Richard also keeps haunting him and shakes his own faith in his honour. We will write a custom essay sample on How Did Shakespeare Portray the Concept or any similar topic only for you Order Now While his son’s dishonourable acts in the beginning of the play wearies him further. Superficially, one may think Prince Hal is a typical young slacker whose life has been fully lured by the glamorous but immoral world of liquor,gambling, prostitution and crime, the truth is, unbeknownst to anyone, the prince is scheming to reform himself from an idler into a more responsible and competent heir to the throne. Here, his vision of honour of behaving like the royal is an impetus for him to seek new behaviour which will bring him more merits, making him an honourable figure the status he deserves. Or Hotspur, honour is everything, ironically more valuable than his wife. His excess obsession of honour induces many political mistakes, most notably his decision to confront the king at Shreswbury despite having less number of troops. In other words, Hotspur’s passion for honour blinds him from the reality. For all his chivalry and valor in the battle, Hotspur is proved to fail at being a military strategis as well as effective leader. It is none other than the lazy, unscrupulous and coward Sir Falstaff whose existence in the play represents the values that totally oppose the fore-mentioned concepts of honour. His disenchanted view on honour can make the audiences see that the reason behind other characters’ action are single-minded and irrational or more poignantly worthless. Overall, the exhilaration of the play partially arises from Shakespeare’ way of presenting honour in various forms, paralleling the play to the real world where different people all know honour with different interpretation. King Henry IV whose name is the title of the play, is not in fact the protagonist, however the play speculates what has occurred during his turbulent reign. In Richard II, the audiences see him as dynamic and brave, indicating his kingly qualities. All the audiences must then be bewildered upon seeing him in this play. Suspicious, stressful and sick was the king after all dishonouralbe acts he did to King Richard previously. Shakespeare tries to explore how the sin of being viciously dishonourable comes back to haunt its perpetrator. Despite the king’s regret of what he did to Richard and his passion to redeem himself by going to crusade, this sin seems to block all the means for the king to purify himself. The rebellion of the Percys and rebellious nature of his son led him to grow very ill. Act one scene one, he moaned about his son and mistakenly praises Hotspur’s qualities, saying that Hotspur is â€Å"a son (of Percy) who is the theme of honour’s tongue, implying that Hal brings him with nothing but shame and disgrace. His anger even drives him further to contemplate that if he only and Northumberland could switch sons, â€Å"would have I (himself) his Harry and he mine. Fortuantely, in the end the king gains back honour by defeating the rebels and his son, who used to represent everything he scorns and acts dishonourably, has redeemed himself and proves to be an effective warrior. Henry Momouth or affectionately known as Hal is an interesting character as well as complex. At the beginning,the audiences see Hal as a drunken idler who acts nothing like an heir to the throne. Unexpectedly, Hal, in Act 1scne 2 makes it clear that he doesn’t plan to live the rest of his life in this world of immorality, in fact he claims that he is pretending to be this sort of person then when the right moment comes, he is going to transform himself into a person with all characteristics of the king. Reformation, glittering over faults, will do more goodly and attract more eyes† expresses his prediction that his â€Å"reformation† would make his subjects surprises and therefore gains more popularity for him which is necessary in order to keep the kingdom stable. Hal has a vision that the great honour of being king will at the eventually fall on him whether he likes it or not. This vision of future honour is the impetus of Hal’s self-reformation. Henry Ho tspur was a renowned warrior whose actions and decisions all have been influenced by the concept of honour. Unlike other characters, Hotspur’ was too obsessed with honour, resulting in a single-minded decision making. For all his chivalry, Hotspur was an utter political failure. Act 4 Scene 1, despite possessing less troops, HOTSPUR, without opening his mind for Worcester and Vernon’s suggrstion, decided to confront the king’s troops the next day. Moreove, this sort of obsession makes Hotspur far from being diplomatic. Whenever he is angry, he always bursts and doesn’t listen to anyone but himself. All this proves that, comparing to Hal, he is not deserved to wield the power. However, despite these differences, he and Hal share only one common belief in one respect of honor. Both of them make it clear that in order for one to gain honor, another one must die first. â€Å"Harry to Harry shall, hot horse to horse, meet and never drop til one dropped a corpse† said Hotspur in Act 4 scene 1 before the battle of shrewsbury. This line best exemplified the fore-mentioned point. Falstaff lacked any sort of honur. â€Å"what is honur? A word†, expressed Flastaff, demonstrating his disenchanted attitude towards honour. Although having been opposing this concept, at the end of act 5 scene 4, Falstaff seems to be sel-contradictory when he commented that he would embrace a new and more honourable lifestyle only if he gains honor and status after the battle. From this, it is clear that Falstaff would embrace the concept of honour only if honor comes to him first. Therefore he does not oppose honour for ideological reason but rather for practical reason as through out the play honour in anyform doesn’t seem to come to him‘ In conclusion, different characters in this play have different concepts of honour How to cite How Did Shakespeare Portray the Concept, Essay examples

Locke And Rousseau (1492 words) Essay Example For Students

Locke And Rousseau (1492 words) Essay Locke And RousseauThe idea of consent is a key element in the works of John Locke and Jean-JacquesRousseau. In the Second Treatise of Government, Locke puts forth hisconception of the ideal form of government based on a social contract. As Lockedevelops his theory of consent, he also incorporates theories of politicalobligation on the part of all citizens of his state as well as his theory ofrevolution and the conditions under which rebellion is permissible. Though Lockemay appear to have explored the notion of consent completely, there are someproblems with his theory that weaken its impact. Despite the possible problemsencountered with Lockes idea of consent in a political society, Rousseau, inhis essay On the Social Contract, seems to agree with Locke with regardsto the concept of consent as it applies to the use of money. The works of Lockeand Rousseau explore political foundations that depend on a social contractwhich requires consent above all things in order to secure liberty for thepeople. John Locke powerfully details the benefits of consent as a principleelement of government, guaranteed by a social contract. Locke believes in theestablishment of a social compact among people of a society that is unique inits ability to eliminate the state of nature. Locke feels the contract must endthe state of nature agreeably because in the state of nature every one hasexecutive power of the law of nature(742). This is a problem because men arethen partial to their own cases and those of their friends and may becomevindictive in punishments of enemies. Therefore, Locke maintains that agovernment must be established with the consent of all that will restrain thepartiality and violence of men(744). People must agree to remove themselvesfrom the punishing and judging processes and create impartiality in a governmentso that the true equality of men can be preserved. Without this unanimousconsent to government as holder of executive power, men who attempt to establishab solute power will throw society into a state of war(745). The importance offreedom and security to man is the reason he gives consent to the government. Hethen protects himself from any one partial body from getting power over him. Hecan appeal to a higher authority in his community once the consent of the peoplesets up a judiciary(746). As Locke develops his theory of consent, he addressesthe issue of liberty and states that in giving consent, men do give up theirnatural liberty, which involves being free from the will of any man andliving by the law of nature. However, in the social contract we exchange thisnatural liberty for freedom of men under government, in which we have anatural, standing rule to live by, common to everyone, made by thelegislative(747). With consent to government, men still have the liberty tofollow their own will in matters where the law does not dictate otherwise. Therefore, men do not have to suffer enslavement to political institutions. ForLocke, this justifies consent to government and ordered society. Lockeincorporates his views on money into his consent theory, for he feels that menhave agreed tacitly, with the invention of money, to put a value on property andestablish rights to it(751). The consent of men to place a value on money hasallowed men to support themselves with property and labor and alsoincrease the common stock of mankind(751). Consent makes industry andthe accumulation of the wealth of society possible and Locke considers this apositive achievement. Involved deeply in the theory of consent is Lockesinterpretation of political obligation. Locke views government as essential tothe evolution of a civil society in which the inconveniences of the state ofnature are rejected while the safety and security men desire are protected bygovernment. Therefore, the people, as part of the social contract, have a dutyto obey the laws inst ituted by government and to accept the concept of majorityrule as fundamental to the continued equality of the society. In consenting topolitical authority, men agree to allow the body with the greater force toinfluence policy(769). Men must have confidence in the proper functioning ofgovernment because they rely on the social compact. Their obligation is to abideby the terms of the compact so that both people and government enjoy smoothsailing. Locke also explores the idea of revolution and insists that the peoplewho have created government with unanimous consent in order to preserve theirproperty and safety should not be betrayed by the very institutions they gavebirth to. So Locke states that if any of the three powers in government make amove to take away and destroy the property of the people, or to reduce themto slavery under arbitrary power then the people are no longer expected toobey the political authority(807). If the government is guilty of a breach oftrust they forfeit the power(807). Locke believes that giving the people theoption to rebel does not provoke frequent uprising against government. On thecontrary, this option being open is a protective measure and keeps things inorder, for the people will realize there is a way out if the government ceasesto represent their interests. It is, in a sense, a safety valve for the peopleand gives them the reassurance of having some control over governmentsactions. Lockes theory of consent encounters some minor problems. One of thepossible problems regards the propertyless person. For a man who has nopossessions, the desire for protection of property that motivates men to consentto government is nonexistent. He has no reason to want government and so will bebeyond the reach of political authority. Such a person, Locke maintains, issubject to despotical power(794). Also, Locke feels that anyone who enjoys theprivileges of government, like driving on the roads, gives tacit consent togovernment(777). However, many people are not conscious of the fact that drivingon the roads is giving consent to government. The education of exactly what isand what is not consent to government is an issue Locke does not address. Histheory of consent is weakened by the fact that many may not be as aware of theirconsent to government as he believes. With regards to revolution, it can be saidthat Locke views rebellion as a way to reinstate political rights violated by anunjust sovereign. He states that once the government has breached the trust ofthe citizenry, the people have a right to resume their original liberty, and,by the establishment of a new legislativeprovide for their own safety andsecurity(807). The peoples duty is to subvert the authority that is nolonger functioning in a just manner, a manner appropriate to its creation, andto assert their rights as stipulated by the social contract by forming a newgovernment. It is simply a starting over for the society, but no power hasreally changed hands, except on a very temporary basis. The people take powerlong enough to build a new legislative and then relinquish power to the newgovernment. Revolution ensures that malfunctioning government does not dissolvethe political rights of a society. Jean-Jacques Rousseau develops his politicaltheory in response to the contention of Locke that his idea of government is theideal. Rousseau believes in a much higher level of political participation andobligation, but for the most part concurs with Locke regarding the role ofconsent in establishing government. Rousseau would definitely agree with Lockethat men give their mutual consent to money as a store of value in a society. .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db , .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db .postImageUrl , .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db , .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db:hover , .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db:visited , .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db:active { border:0!important; } .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db:active , .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5cc07f0827634069a49ecceff15822db:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Bahamas After Independence Sample EssayRousseau feels that the social compact, as it secures the consent of all, willbenefit every man equally and protect his property. The general will of thepeople can direct the forces of the state to ensure the common goodis served(919). As money is the element that allows men to acquire wealth andprovide for their families, money would certainly be welcomed by the people,with their consent to its value, as serving the common good. Rousseau wouldcontend that if money existed as a store of value, it could be so only with thefull consent of the people. The general will only acts to serve its own needs ina positive way(920). Therefore, money would be accepted as benefiting society,as Locke maintains. The works of Locke and Rousseau expand the idea of consentas the pathway to government that serves the people at all times and can berecalled and challenged by the populace if it fails to obey the terms of thesocial contract. Even if Lockes ideas are only a compilation of ideasswimming around in the philosophical pool in his time, his confidence in theirability to establish a secure, positive political and civil society influencedour founding fathers as they worked to design government. His theory of consentand Rousseaus expansion on it in his works emphasize how essential it is forboth people and government to be held by certain standards so that everyone issatisfied. In reading Locke and Rousseau, a reader is compelled to compare thetheories of these philosophers with the political reality today. Though theirperception of the ideal government differs, the impact of their work combinedcan be clearly realized. BibliographyLocke, John. Second Treatise of Government. Rousseau,Jean-Jacques. On the Social Contract.

Was Malvolios Treatment Justified Essay Example For Students

Was Malvolios Treatment Justified Essay Malvolio is a steward (servant) for Olivia. He claims to be a puritan, a sect of Christians who have strict moral principles. They are against drinking, merrymaking, theatre and many other forms of entertainment. He dislikes Sir Toby and Sir Andrew as they are drunkards and go against his puritan beliefs. Malvolio himself is very conceited, he loves himself and believes that everyone else loves him too. A classic example of his conceited behaviour is when he is reading the forged letter and thinking that Olivia loves him. Besides, she uses me with more exalted respect than anyone else that follows here We will write a custom essay on Was Malvolios Treatment Justified specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Even Olivia thinks he is conceited and shows this when Malvolio is being nasty to Feste because he is a fool. O you are sick of self-love, Malvolio As Sir Toby ( Olivias uncle) and Sir Andrew (his drinking companion) love drinking they often come home drunk. They are fed up of Malvolio stopping them drinking and merrymaking and threatening to tell Olivia about what they are doing. Feste (a fool) who occasionally joins them in their merrymaking also dislikes Malvolio as he refers to Feste as a barren rascal who has no more brains than a stone Maria Olivias lady in waiting (maid) has a fancy for Sir Toby also does not like Malvolio. The four decide to play a trick on him to bring him down a peg or two. Maria invents a trick which could only work on someone as conceited as Malvolio. The trick they decide to play on him is for Maria to imitate Olivias writing and write a fake letter to Malvolio saying how much she loves him. They will then leave it somewhere Malvolio will find it. Maria tells Malvolio that she thinks Olivia loves him then leaves the letter under a chair, on the patio in the garden, and hide behind the hedges to watch. Malvolio already thinking that Olivia loves him sits down, seeing the letter he picks it up the letter and opens it. He quickly realises that they are love letters from Olivia as he recognises the handwriting, and he jumps to the conclusion that they are about him. M- Malvolio! M! Why, that begins my name He reads them out loud and then boasts, out loud, about what life married to Olivia would be like. Imagining about what fun it would be to order Sir Toby around. Meanwhile Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Feste and Maria watching Malvolio fall for their trick hook line and sinker are roaring with laughter. Sir Toby is also cursing as he is annoyed about Malvolio dreaming about ordering him around. The last letter Malvolio reads contains instructions for Malvolio if he wants to return her love. The instructions were to:- Be opposite with my Kinsman (go against here relatives). Surly with servants (Be nasty to here servants). Let thy tongue twang arguments of state (speak about politics all the time). Remember who commended thy yellow stockings, and wished to see thee cross-gartered. ( wear yellow, cross-gartered stockings). Cast thy humble slough and appear fresh( smile all the time. These instruction are totally the opposite of what Olivia would want Malvolio to be. She is in mourning and will not want someone close to her grinning like a Cheshire cat and yellow stockings is a colour she abhors The next day Olivia was nervous as she was about to meet Cesario, she called Malvolio thinking he would calm her down. Maria warned her that he was acting a little strangely, but she ignored her saying I am as mad as he .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d , .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .postImageUrl , .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d , .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:hover , .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:visited , .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:active { border:0!important; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:active , .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dickens presents the characters of Gradgrind EssayIf sad and merry madness equal be Malvolio enters fully cross gartered grinning from ear to ear. He keeps hinting about the letter, but Olivia knows nothing about him. Eventually Olivia reaches the conclusion that he is having a bout of midsummer madness and asks Sir Toby to look after him while she meets Cesario. Malvolio still thinking the letter was genuine thinks that Olivia has done this to see whether he will follow the instructions of the letter and be rude to her relatives. Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Maria and Fabian (another one of Sir Tobys drinking pals) take Malvolio away. They start to tease Malvolio pretending he is possessed by the devil. Malvolio refuses to do what he is told and tells them Go hang yourselves all and that they Shall know more hereafter and storms out. The next thing they decide to do to Malvolio is to tie him up in a dark cell and leave him there till they think that the joke has passed. Olivia will not care as she is in the belief that hes mad. They put Malvolio in the dark cell as planned. Then Feste dressed as Sir Topas (a Spanish priest) torments Malvolio. He tells Malvolio that he must be mad by telling him that the room he is in is light. Eventually Sir Toby decides the joke is over and agrees to take a letter from Malvolio to the Olivia. In the final scene of the play Malvolio exposes the trick in front of assembled company. He still feels bitter and shouts Ill be revengd on the whole pack of you I personally feel that Malvolios treatment was, to a certain extent, justified, but I feel that Sir Toby and Feste went too far. They were right to play a trick on him as he needed being brought down a peg or two. I think they shouldnt have locked him up in the dark cell as that is more like torture than a joke. At the time the play was written I think many people would have thought that Malvolios treatment was justified as many people were against the Puritans. One reason Shakespeare wrote this play is to get at the Puritans as they wanted to stop theatre, the thing that made Shakespeare famous.

An Interpretation of Langston Hughes Early Autumn

An Interpretation of Langston Hughes Early Autumn Langston Hughes (1902-1967) is best known for writing poems like The Negro Speaks of Rivers or Harlem. Hughes has also written plays, nonfiction, and short stories such as Early Autumn.  The latter originally appeared in the Chicago Defender on September  30, 1950, and was later included in his 1963 collection, Something in Common and Other Stories. It has also been featured  in a collection called The Short Stories of Langston Hughes, edited by Akiba Sullivan Harper. What Flash Fiction Is At fewer than 500 words, Early Autumn is yet another example of flash fiction written before anyone was using the term flash fiction.  Flash fiction is a very short and brief version of fiction that is generally a few hundred words or less as a whole. These types of stories are also known as sudden, micro, or quick fiction and can include elements of poetry or narrative.  Writing flash fiction can be done by using just a few characters, shortening a story, or starting in the middle of a plot.   With this analysis of the plot, a point of view, and other aspects of the story, the following will lead to a better understanding of Early Autumn.   A Plot Involving  Exes Two former lovers, Bill and Mary, cross paths in Washington Square in New York. Years have passed since they last saw each other. They exchange pleasantries about their jobs and their children, each of them perfunctorily inviting the others family to visit. When Marys bus arrives, she boards and is overwhelmed by all the things she has failed to say to Bill, both in the present moment (her address, for instance), and presumably, in life. The Story Begins With a Point of View of the Characters The narrative starts with a brief, neutral history of Bill and Marys relationship. Then, it moves to their current reunion, and the omniscient narrator gives us some details from each characters point of view. Almost the only thing Bill can think about is how old Mary looks. The audience is told, At first he did not recognize her, to him she looked so old. Later, Bill struggles to find something complimentary to say about Mary with, Youre looking very ... (he wanted to say old) well. Bill seems uncomfortable (a little frown came quickly between his eyes) to learn that Mary is living in New York now. Readers get the impression that he hasnt thought much about her in recent years and is not enthusiastic about having her back in his life in any way. Mary, on the other hand, seems to harbor affection for Bill, even though she was the one who left him and married a man she thought she loved. When she greets him, she lifts her face, as if wanting a kiss, but he just extends his hand. She seems disappointed to learn that Bill is married. Finally, in the last line of the story, readers learn that her youngest child is also named Bill, which indicates the extent of her regret for ever having left him. The Symbolism of the Early Autumn Title in the Story At first, it seems obvious that Mary is the one who is in her autumn. She looks noticeably old, and in fact, she is older than Bill. Autumn represents a time of loss, and Mary clearly feels a sense of loss as she desperately reach[es] back into the past. Her emotional loss is emphasized by the setting of the story. The day is almost over and its getting cold. Leaves fall inevitably from the trees, and throngs of strangers pass Bill and Mary as they talk. Hughes writes, A great many people went past them through the park. People they didnt know. Later, as Mary boards the bus, Hughes re-emphasizes the idea that Bill is irrevocably lost to Mary, just as the falling leaves are irrevocably lost to the trees from which they have fallen. People came between them outside, people crossing the street, people they didnt know. Space and people. She lost sight of Bill. The word early in the title is tricky. Bill too will be old one day, even if he cant see it at this moment. If Mary is undeniably in her autumn, Bill might not even recognize that he is in his early autumn. and he is the one most shocked by Marys aging. She takes him by surprise at a time in his life when he might have imagined himself immune to winter. A Spark of Hope and Meaning in a Turning Point of the Story Overall, Early Autumn feels sparse, like a tree nearly bare of leaves. The characters are at a loss for words, and readers can feel it. There is one moment in the story that feels noticeably different from the rest: Suddenly the lights came on up the whole length of Fifth Avenue, chains of misty brilliance in the blue air. This sentence marks a turning point in many ways: First, it signals the end of Bill and Marys attempt at conversation, startling Mary into the present.If the lights symbolize truth or revelation, then their sudden brightness represents the irrefutable passage of time and the impossibility of ever recovering or re-doing the past. That the lights run the whole length of Fifth Avenue further emphasizes the completeness of this truth; there is no way to escape the passage of time.Its worth noting that the lights turn on right after Bill says, You ought to see my kids and grins. Its a surprisingly unguarded moment, and its the only expression of genuine warmth in the story. Its possible that his and Marys children might represent those lights, being the brilliant chains that link the past with an ever-hopeful future.

Honest Numbers about an Amazon Indie Ebook Giveaway

Honest Numbers about an Amazon Indie Ebook Giveaway One problem facing indie authors is the lack of honest sales figures. Self-reporting is often vague or exaggerated. While Hugh Howey’s Author Earnings page is a good source, more data are needed. I recently did a five-day free promotion on Amazon and would like to share my results. I’m writing a series of post-apocalyptic novels titled the Toxic World. Book One, Radio Hope, came out in February. In March I published a 10,000-word short story titled The Scavenger. The series is in the KDP Select program so I can take advantage of free giveaways and countdown deals. The Scavenger is priced at 99 cents. It’s not intended to make money, but to advertise the series, so I use my free days. I get five days to offer it for free every ninety-day period. My first promotion was from Friday, April 4 through Tuesday, April 8. I did little promotion. I mentioned it on my blog and several times on my Twitter feed. Several blogger buddies mentioned it. A few nice people tweeted. Here’s the daily breakdown, with the number of downloads for each country in parentheses. Friday, April 4: US (79), UK (13), Spain (5), Germany (2), Canada (3), India (1). Total: 103. Saturday, April 5: US (82), UK (9), Germany (1), Canada (1), Australia (1). Total: 94. Sunday, April 6: US (58), UK (2), Germany (1), Canada (3), Australia (1). Total: 65. Monday, April 7: US (61), UK (11), Australia (1). Total: 73. Tuesday, April 8: US (47), UK (8), Spain (1). Total: 56. Grand Total: US (327), UK (43), Canada (7), Spain (6), Germany (4), Australia (3), India (1). Grand Total for all markets: 391. The giveaway numbers mirror my sales - the U.S. is My first day was my biggest. Fridays and Saturdays are good sales days as people look for weekend reading. There’s a severe drop off at the beginning of the week. This was reflected in my giveaway numbers. That good first day got me into the top 20 in the Post-Apocalyptic and Dystopian categories on Amazon UK and into the top 20 â€Å"Kindle Short Reads† on Amazon US. This increased visibility and encouraged more downloads, creating a positive feedback loop and getting the attention of some â€Å"free ebook† websites and Twitter feeds, which presumably helped keep numbers up. Reader reaction was prompt. While the giveaway was still on, someone added The Scavenger to Goodreads and I got three reviews. What about sales of Radio Hope? During the giveaway I sold six, twice what I sold in the same five-day period a week earlier. I have since had several sales of Radio Hope to people who said they’d been pulled in So what did I learn? Don’t expect astronomical numbers. As a little-known author in a flooded genre, you won’t hit number one. The friend factor only goes so far. Few downloads were The first day is essential. Getting those numbers up quickly makes you visible. This encourages more downloads that will keep you visible. Weekends are better. Split it across two weekends instead of a single five-day block. You’re building a tower, not launching a rocket. While this giveaway didn’t get me lots of sales, it did get my series onto nearly 400 Kindles. That’s a start.

Health Promotion Planning Background Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Promotion Planning Background - Assignment Example romotion relate to a focus on upstream approaches, a focus on non-victim blaming approaches since as they show understanding of the influences of health and concentration on the evidence- based practice (McKenzie, Neiger & Thackeray, 2012). Besides this the roots include participation and empowerment of the people on health care, equity through acting fairly and proper distribution of facilities and ethical principles. Ethical principles refer to autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice in health administration. The seven areas of responsibility of health education specialists relate to asset needs, assets and capacity of health education, planning health education, implementing health education, conducting evaluation and research related to health education, administering and managing health education, serving as health education resource person and communicating and advocating for health education (McKenzie, Neiger & Thackeray, 2012). Among these areas, planning for health education, implementing health education and administering or managing health education are important for health educators and specialists. Planning effective health education programs ensure that potential participants for support are recruited, the logical scope for program is developed and measurable program objectives are drawn. Implementing health education programs is important as it ensures that the selected methods and media are suited to implement programs, monitoring and adjustments are made on activities and competence in carrying out programs is exhibited (McKenzie, Neiger & Thackeray, 2012). Administering or coordinating provision of health education services is an important area as it involves development of a plan, facilitation of cooperation among personnel , formulation of practical modes of collaboration among health agencies and organization of internal training

Shipping markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Shipping markets - Essay Example pparently, data indicates growing trade, which is indicative of increasing demand for all types of products in markets other than their places of production. Using regression analysis, I obtained the following output. From the results, time is a significant predictor of seaborne trade across the globe (ÃŽ ² = 152.75, p Crude oil is one of the major energy resources and a key raw material in numerous industrial sectors. In view of this, forces of demand have a great impact on the crude oil industry (Abouarghoub, Mariscal and Howells, 2012). Demand and supply of crude oil have in the past been characterized by low price elasticity which has impacted global price fluctuations. According to Alizadeh and Nomikos (2006), such fluctuations occur because the oil market is highly unpredictable and the fact that changes in demand and supply are not easily predictable despite such changes having a huge economic impact. The oil tanker shipping market has a perfect competitive structure characterized by a huge number of producers who compete to satisfy the huge global demand for internationally produced commodities (Fox, 1992). In such a case, neither the suppliers nor the buyers have the ability to set the prices, since prices of crude oil are determined at the world market. The economic implication of global oil market pricing patterns is that cost as a market determiner plays a major role in the establishment of sale prices (Austria, 2003; Sato, 2002).

Juvenile Offenders Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Offenders Essay Steinberg states that there are some issues which are very challenging to the society concerning the nature of human development and justice when it comes to serious juvenile crimes (para, 1). This is due to the fact that people do not expect crimes to be committed by children let alone children being criminals. The unexpected connection between childhood and criminality brings about a dilemma that is hard to resolve (Steinberg para, 1). Some of the ways out of this dilemma are: trying to redefine the offense as something of less magnitude than a crime and redefining the offender as somebody who is not actually a child. For almost a century now, the American society has chosen to redefine an offense as something less than a crime (Siegel and Welsh p, 211). Hoge, Guerra and Boxer states that most juvenile offenses have for long time been treated as delinquent acts that need adjudication within a separate justice system for juveniles (p, 154). This system is designed in such a way as to recognize the exceptional needs as well as the immature condition of young persons and stresses more on rehabilitation over punishment. Steinberg asserts that the two guiding principles that have prevailed concerning young people are that: they have different competencies as compared to adults, which necessitates adjudication in a different type of system, and that they have different potential for change and therefore qualify for a second chance as well as an attempt at rehabilitation (para, 4). The operations of juvenile courts are carried out under the presumptions that offenders are immature meaning that their development is incomplete, their judgment is immature, and their character is still undergoing development. However, in the recent past as Steinberg states, there has been a tremendous shift concerning the way crimes committed by juveniles are treated by policymakers as well as the general public (para, 6). This shift has resulted in great changes concerning policies that deal with the way juvenile offenders are treated. Gale argues that instead of choosing to defend offences committed by young people as delinquent, the society has opted to redefine them as adults and transfer them to the criminal justice system that deals with adult crime (p, 76). Some proponents in society have come to agree that there are those young offenders who should be transferred to the adult criminal justice system due to the fact that they pose a serious threat to the safety of the society where other juveniles live (Siegel and Welsh, p. 214). Proponents, as Hoge, Guerra and Boxer illustrates, argue that the magnitude of the offense committed by these youth deserves a relatively more harsh punishment (p. 174). They also argue that the history of repeated offenses do not augur well for definitive rehabilitation of juvenile offenders. This however, does not describe the large number of young people who are currently being put on trial in the adult criminal justice system. Steinberg argues that majority of these have been charged with crimes that are not as violent to merit such a harsh punishment (para, 7). When this transfer of juvenile offenders to adult system begins to become a rule instead of an exception, it characterizes a primary challenge to the very ground that the juvenile system was anchored in- that young people are different from adults. Debates concerning transfer policies can be viewed from different angles. Developmental psychologists would ask whether the differences drawn between people of various ages under the law are rational in light of what is known concerning age variation in different aspects of social, emotional, and intellectual functioning (Hoge, Guerra and Boxer, p. 79). One major issue based on developmental psychology that emerges is about the creation of a boundary between young people and adults in matters of criminal justice. Developmental psychology seeks to identify the scientific reasons that justify the separate treatment of adults and young people within the criminal justice system, especially with reference to the age bracket, 12-17 years, highly under political analysis currently (Steinberg para, 9). First and foremost, this age bracket is an intrinsically intermediary phase. It involves swift as well as dramatic changes in individual’s social, intellectual, physical, and emotional capacities. It is a phase where a line concerning competence and incompetence of individuals can be drawn. Secondly, teenage years are a period of potential flexibility (Gale p, 98). Young people are heavily influenced by experiences in school, at home, as well as other social settings. To the level that flexibility is possible, transfer of young people into a criminal justice system that rules out a rehabilitative response may be an unrealistic public opinion (Siegel and Welsh, p. 11). Adolescence is a decisive phase through which numerous developmental trajectories are firmly set up and increasingly hard to change. Numerous experiences that adolescents go through have devastating cumulative impacts. Irrational decisions and poorly formulated policies relating to young offenders may have unpredictable harmful outcomes (Gale, p. 104). According to Steinberg, mitigating factors such as mental illness, emotional stress and self defense should be critically evaluated when trying a young person (para, 14). A punishment that is fair to an adult may be unfair to a young person who was not aware of the penalties of his/her actions. It would therefore be unethical to give life sentences to juvenile offenders. The way laws are interpreted and applied should vary when dealing with a case in which a defendant understanding of the law is limited by intellectual and emotional immaturity. The repercussions of administering long and severe punishment are very different when the offender is a young person as compared to when he/she is an adult (Steinberg, para. 17).

Self-Determination: Right or Privilege? :: essays research papers

In 1968, the Soviet Union along with several Warsaw Pact allies invaded Czechoslovakia with the intention of re-establishing a full communist government. The reason for the invasion was mainly due to â€Å"Prague Spring† – the period of great hope for the Czech people led by the reform movement against the hard-line policies of the Czech and Soviet governments. The main justification given by Soviet Premier Brezhnev regarding the attack was that the USSR, a communist nation itself, had an obligation to stop anything that poses a threat to established communism in any country. This came to be known as the â€Å"Brezhnev Doctrine†, and was seen as a clear warning to other eastern European countries. This example is one of many in history that has raised the issue of whether or not great nations are justified in exerting influence over the affairs of lesser states. The issue of whether or not great nations are justified in exerting influence over the affairs of lesser states is extremely complex. Some people believe that powerful nations are not only justified but obligated to play an important role in the affairs of states that do not measure up in status or power. The main reason being that these states do not have the capabilities to handle their domestic and foreign policies without external influence of some kind. Others believe that every nation has the sovereign right to formulate domestic and foreign policies without external influence. Both groups of people are right to an extent. I do not think that the power of a nation justifies their interference in the affairs of other countries unless they influence the country for the better. Basically, great nations should never attempt to influence the affairs of lesser states if they are only looking out for their own self-interests. In the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union was not truly threatened by the reform movement. The USSR was just not prepared to take risks with a country bordering on the West. Their main concerns were their sphere of influence as well as Czechoslovakia being one of their satellite states that provided them with a buffer zone against an attack from NATO. Therefore, Czechoslovakia played an important role for political, economic, and strategic military reasons. It was imperative that it remained under Soviet influence because if not, the balance of power would be in favour of the U.S.

Mainstreaming and Inclusion Education For Disabled Children

According to the Curry School of Education, approximately 80% of students with learning disabilities receive the majority of their instruction in the general classroom (â€Å"Inclusion.† http://curry.edschool.virginia.edu/curry/dept/cise/ose.html. 10 Oct. 1999). That number is expected to rise as teachers and parents become aware of the benefits of inclusion. Because there are so many disabled students in regular schools, it is important to look at whether or not mainstreaming is necessary for their education. For parents, having their disabled children mainstreamed into regular education can be a difficult choice. Although disabled children†s education can be more challenging in regular schools, the benefits of inclusion include enhanced self-esteem, development of social skills, and exposure to regular curriculum. Many people believe mainstreaming only helps disabled children, but there are many challenges that hurt their education rather than help. Both faculty and students can be cruel to disabled students. Because they are not used to interacting with disabled children, faculty and students may be uncomfortable with the situation and be insensitive to the disabled children. By ignoring the disabled children or treating them badly, the children will lose self-esteem and may disrupt the class in order to show their unhappiness. Some teachers are not familiar with teaching disabled children, so the education is lacking for the children. Teachers may continue to teach their classes at an accelerated level, forgetting about the slower students. The students will then fall behind and get frustrated with the situation. All these factors hurt disabled children†s education and will hurt their chances at succeeding in life. Being in a regular school can help disabled children feel better about themselves and their accomplishments. When disabled children complete a more challenging task, they may receive praise from their teacher and fellow students. Kim Harries says that when learning disabled students are placed in classrooms with regular achieving students, higher expectations are placed on them. In turn, their desire to excel increases (â€Å"Mainstreaming.† http://www.psych.westminster.edu/medvin/psy46/inclus/mainstreaming.htm. 11 Oct. 1999). Disabled children know that they are overcoming great odds by attending a regular school. Because of that knowledge, they can be proud of their accomplishments no matter how small they may be. Because of their effort, disabled children can feel better about themselves in spite of the disability that ails them. Inclusion in a regular school gives disabled children the social skills needed to live in the outside world. Disabled children learn important lessons to help them adapt to the real world. They learn how to interact with other people and how they are expected to act in public. According to Scott Willis, â€Å"Advocates of mainstreaming, on the other hand, claim that the mainstreaming of disabled students results in better socialization skills for the disabled children† (â€Å"Inclusion Gains Ground.† Education Update. Dec. 1995: 1-8). Disabled children gain real life experiences when dealing with regular students. They deal with the everyday ridicule and challenges that only make them stronger against those that may put them down. Dealing with and learning from everyday problems now will only help disabled children as they grow up in an unkind world. Immersion in regular curriculum gives disabled children a chance to test their abilities. Disabled children can test their skills and see what areas they excel in. After children find something they excel in, they can use that talent in future aspirations. Disabled children are given a chance to challenge their minds and thus grow mentally. By doing so, they may increase their learning capabilities and advance in their education. Because children may only be disabled in certain areas of curriculum, immersion will give them a chance to keep up in classes they are mentally able to. By giving disabled children the chances they deserve, their mental and physical abilities are able to improve and thus improve their education. Even though education in regular schools can be challenging for learning disabled children, including them can enhance their self-esteem, develop their social skills to help them survive in the world, and give them a chance to be exposed to regular curriculum. Everyone at some point in their lives will be exposed to people with handicaps. If they learn to look past them at a young age, it will help them succeed in a mainstreaming world. Jennifer Pinland, a speech pathologist that works with disabled children says, â€Å"Children with handicaps cannot be ignored and pushed through the school system. They must get the help they need in order to avoid ridicule and defeat for the rest of their lives.†

Psy 240 Appendix C

There are four stages of sleep, stage 1 occurs when the person decides it’s time to fall asleep. Initially in stage 1 alpha waves start waxing and waning bursts of 8-12 Hz’s EEG. This is when we are alert at our wake fullness. Stage one sleep RRG is low voltage but high frequency signal. As the stages progress into stage 2 there’s a gradual increase in EEG voltage and decrease in EEG frequency. Stage 2 has a higher amplitude and lower frequency and also has two wave forms, k complexes and sleep spindles.Stage 3 is Delta waves, which are the largest and slowest EEG waves. Stage 4 is essentially the predominance of delta waves. Throughout the night the body goes through these 4 stages numerous times. It is a continuous cycle until the body fully awakes. Stage one is also the REM sleep stage and is where a person dreams. There are five common belies of dreams the first being, that external stimuli can become incorporated into dreams. Second, dreams last only an inst ant. Third, some people claim that they do not dream.Fourth, penile erections are assumed to be related to sexual dreams. And lastly, sleepwalking and sleep talking occur only when dreaming. There are two theories related to dreams, the first being Freud’s theory. He believes that dreams are triggered by unacceptable repressed wishes, often of a sexual nature. The second is activation synthesis theory of Hobson’s, he believed that during REM sleep many brain stem circuits become active and bombard the cerebral cortex with neural signals.He believes that a dream is the cerebral cortex’s way of taking all the random thoughts and making sense of them all. I agree with Hobson, I believe that all the random events throughout the day put together the dream. Freud’s theory does not seem legitimate to me because not everyone has negative or unacceptable wishes nor is every dream a sexual. More often than not my dreams comprise of random and often times very confu sing acts. Thus is the reason why I agree with Hobson.

Free Essays on Bust Magazine

stand out as being long lasting and repeatable whereas many ideas in Cosmo are short-term and fade quickly. Big names are found on the cover of BUST although they feature many lesser-known people on the inside pages. BUST is doing this to attract a mainstream audience to look at the magazine. I think BUST does this for two reasons. One is because of money. BUST is struggling to stay in print. Big names will draw m... Free Essays on Bust Magazine Free Essays on Bust Magazine Communication and Popular Culture BUST magazine is meant to be an alternative outlet for women who are sick of the images given to them in the more established and conventional women’s magazines. BUST offers quite a different set of values than most young women’s magazines. BUST values the woman as an independent person that does not need to answer to the prescribed cultural values usually given to them. The woman who reads BUST is not getting advice on men or how to lose weight. She is reading about other women and issues related to women. BUST signifies women who are independent, young and sexually liberated. BUST is a magazine that is targeted for younger women with an interest in feminism. The reader of BUST is more likely to be part of an underground subculture that the typical reader of the mainstream Cosmo or Glamour magazine. BUST tries to reach a crowd that is somewhat more into independent music, movies, film and politics than the average reader of typical women’s magazines are. BUST is targeted at women who most likely live in more urban areas and have at least some college education. The average reader is most likely between the ages of 18-30. BUST readers are also representative of straight, lesbian and bi-sexual women. The issues come out seasonally. Each issue tries to focus its articles on a main theme, such as the mother issue, the sex issue and the marriage issue. Since it comes out quarterly I don’t think trends are emphasized as much as the written ideas are. These written words stand out as being long lasting and repeatable whereas many ideas in Cosmo are short-term and fade quickly. Big names are found on the cover of BUST although they feature many lesser-known people on the inside pages. BUST is doing this to attract a mainstream audience to look at the magazine. I think BUST does this for two reasons. One is because of money. BUST is struggling to stay in print. Big names will draw m...

The History of Fluorescent Lights

The History of Fluorescent Lights How were fluorescent lights and lamps developed?  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹When most people think of lighting and lamps, they think of the incandescent light bulb developed by Thomas Edison and other inventors. Incandescent light bulbs work by using electricity and a filament. Heated by electricity, the filament inside the light bulb exhibits resistance that results in high temperatures that cause  the filament to glow and emit light. Arc or vapor lamps work differently (fluorescents fall under this category), the light is not created from heat, the light is created from the chemical reactions that occur when electricity is applied to different gases enclosed in a glass vacuum chamber. The Development of Fluorescent Lights In 1857, the French physicist Alexandre E. Becquerel who had investigated the phenomena of fluorescence and phosphorescence  theorized about the building of fluorescent tubes similar to those made today. Alexandre Becquerel experimented with coating electric discharge tubes with luminescent materials, a process that was further developed in later fluorescent lamps. American Peter Cooper Hewitt (1861-1921) patented (U.S. patent 889,692) the first mercury vapor lamp in 1901. The low-pressure mercury arc lamp of Peter Cooper Hewitt is the very first prototype of todays modern fluorescent lights. A fluorescent light is a type of electric lamp that excites mercury vapor to create luminescence.The Smithsonian Institute says that Hewitt built on the work of German physicist Julius Plucker and glassblower Heinrich Geissler. Those two men passed an electric current through a glass tube containing tiny amounts of gas and made light.  Hewitt worked with mercury-filled tubes in the late  1890s  and found that they gave off abundant but unappealing bluish-green light. Hewitt didnt think people would want lamps with blue-green  light in their homes, so he looked for other applications for it in photographic studios and industrial uses.  George Westinghouse and Peter Cooper Hewitt formed the Westinghouse-controlled Cooper Hewitt Electric Company to produce the first commercial mercury lamps. Marty Goodman in his History of Electric Lighting cites Hewitt as inventing the first enclosed arc-type lamp using metal vapor in 1901. It was a low-pressure mercury arc lamp. In 1934, Edmund Germer created a high-pressure arc lamp that could handle a lot more power in a smaller space. Hewitts low-pressure mercury arc lamp put off a large amount of ultraviolet light. Germer and others coated the inside of the light bulb with a fluorescent chemical that absorbed UV light and re-radiated that energy as visible light. In this way, it became an efficient light source. Edmund Germer,Friedrich Meyer, Hans Spanner, Edmund Germer: Fluorescent Lamp Patent U.S. 2,182,732 Edmund Germer (1901-1987) invented a high-pressure vapor lamp, his development of the improved fluorescent lamp and the high-pressure mercury-vapor lamp allowed for more economical lighting with less heat. Edmund Germer was born in Berlin, Germany, and educated at the University of Berlin, earning a doctorate in lighting technology. Together with Friedrich Meyer and Hans Spanner, Edmund Germer patented an experimental fluorescent lamp in 1927. Edmund Germer is credited by some historians as being the inventor of the first true fluorescent lamp. However, it can be argued that fluorescent lamps have a long history of development before Germer. George Inman and Richard Thayer: The First Commercial Fluorescent Lamp George Inman led a group of General Electric scientists researching an improved and practical fluorescent lamp. Under pressure from many competing companies, the team designed the first practical and viable fluorescent lamp (U.S. Patent No. 2,259,040) that was first sold in 1938. It should be noted that General Electric bought the patent rights to Edmund Germers earlier patent. According to The GE Fluorescent Lamp Pioneers, On Oct 14, 1941, U.S. Patent No. 2,259,040 was issued to George E. Inman; the filing date was Apr 22, 1936. It has generally been regarded as the foundation patent. However, some companies were working on the lamp at the same time as GE, and some individuals had already filed for patents. GE strengthened its position when it purchased a German patent that preceded Inmans. GE paid $180,000 for U.S. Patent No 2,182,732 that had been issued to Friedrich Meyer, Hans J. Spanner, and Edmund Germer. While one might argue the real inventor of the fluorescent lamp, it is clear that GE was the first to introduce it. Other Inventors Several other inventors patented versions of the fluorescent lamp, including Thomas Edison. He filed a patent (U.S. Patent 865,367) on May 9, 1896, for a fluorescent lamp that was never sold. However, he did not use mercury vapor to excite the phosphor. His lamp used x-rays.

Discuss Two Ethical Arguments for Maintaining Patient Confidentiality Essay - 1

Discuss Two Ethical Arguments for Maintaining Patient Confidentiality - Essay Example The interaction between nurses and patients is fundamental in the process of realizing the many different goals and objectives that define the health sector (Pyrek, 2011). Failure to maintain patient confidentiality, therefore, affects service delivery and subsequent achievement of the goals and objectives set by healthcare organizations. This jeopardizes welfare of patients, an aspect that fundamentally defines the moral and ethical role of nurses. Confidentiality forms the foundation of personal privacy. Just as the interaction between a nurse and a patient is private, the underlying information should also be kept private. Maintaining patient confidentiality ensures that the privacy of the patient is respect and subsequently protected (Bosek & Savage, 2007). Moreover, nursing practices follow specific codes of conduct that outline the type of relationships nurses should have with their patients. Such relationships are designed to address the best interests of patients. Without patient confidentiality, nurse-patient interactions and relations are likely to become ineffective and inefficient. In the contemporary society, the realization of key developments in the health sector is evident. New and advanced technologies have become the new face of service delivery in many healthcare facilities. In light of these developments, information has increasingly become critical to protect. Today, medical records are primarily electronic. On the same note, the establishment of patient information database means that more and more patient information is stored together. Without enforcing patient confidentiality, healthcare data and information could be compromised at any time. Healthcare technology has further diversified the number of legitimate parties who need access to patient information (Davey, 2012). As these parties increase in number, it is important to ensure that only those parties